Performance of Galileo satellite products determined from multi-frequency measurements

Abstract Each Galileo satellite provides coherent navigation signals in four distinct frequency bands. International GNSS Service (IGS) analysis centers (ACs) typically determine products based on the E1/E5a dual-frequency measurements due to software limitation and limited tracking capability of other early time. The goal this contribution is evaluate quality determined by using different (E1/E5a, E1/E5b, E1/E5, E1/E6) multi-frequency (E1/E5a/E5b/E5/E6) sizes ground networks. performance signal noise, consistency frequency-specific phase center offsets stability biases are assessed advance confirm preconditions for processing. Orbit results from show that orbit precision E1/E6 clearly worse (about 35%) than solutions. In view a similar E1, E5a, E5b E6 measurement quality, degraded mainly attributed unfavorable noise amplification respective ionosphere-free linear combination. advantage over precise determination visible when small For instance, ambiguity fixing rate 80% solution while it less 40% if 150 s data sampling employed 15-station network. Higher rates result better (more 30%) orbits more robust clock bias products. general, 20-station (or more) network enough conduct point positioning with resolution (PPP-AR) applications. Multi-frequency kinematic PPP-AR solutions always 5–10% improvement compared those computed observations.